Age-associated cardiovascular disease (CVD) progression is marked by increased misfolded proteins and reduced growth factor receptor activity. Evidence links the co-chaperone CHIP and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) to stem cell dynamics and function through miR-764-5p in rat adipose-derived stem cells (rADSCs) remains largely unknown. We observed that short-term hypoxia (6 h) downregulated miR-764-5p in rADSCs, while normoxia conditions led to miR-764-5p upregulation, targeting the 3' UTR region of IGF1R and STUB1/CHIP. qRT-PCR confirmed altered mRNA expression. Overexpression of anti-miR-764-5p enhanced rADSC survival via CHIP and IGF1R upregulation, while miR-764-5p mimic increased ROS generation and apoptosis. HIF1α transcription factor downregulated miR-764-5p under short-term hypoxia. Administering rADSCs anti−miR−764−5p in aging-spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) via tail-vein injection demonstrated cardioprotective effects, reducing cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and apoptosis and it could be the potential to act as a regenerative medicine. In conclusion, suppressing miR-764-5p enhances IGF1R expression and CHIP activity in rADSCs, mitigating cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling in the aging-SHR model.